In response to appeals by Union de la Bijouterie Horlogerie and Pellegrin & Fils, France’s competition authority, the Autorité de la concurrence (Autorité), fined Rolex France for prohibiting its retailers from selling Rolex watches online for more than a decade. The selective distribution agreement regulating the dealings between Rolex and its retailers prohibited retailers from...Read More

The real persons and legal entities may perform its commercial activities in Turkey by establishing (i) a joint-stock company (“JSC”), (ii) a limited liability company (“LLC”) or (iii) opening a branch in Turkey. · Joint-stock company JSC is one of the most common company types in Turkey for mostly large operations and foreign investors. A JSC can be established with at least...Read More

Most Valuable Customer (MVC) is a term used in marketing to refer to customers who are of the highest value or importance to a enterprises. These are typically the customers who spend the most money, make the most frequent purchases, or have the greatest potential to become loyal, long-term customers. One example of MVC analysis...Read More

On 27 November 2020, the UK Government (“UK”) announced the introduction of a new regulatory regime for digital platforms that will be overseen by a dedicated Digital Markets Unit from April 2021. This announcement has supervened upon a market investigation on online platforms and digital advertising carried out by UK Competition and Markets Authority (“Competition...Read More