In response to appeals by Union de la Bijouterie Horlogerie and Pellegrin & Fils, France’s competition authority, the Autorité de la concurrence (Autorité), fined Rolex France for prohibiting its retailers from selling Rolex watches online for more than a decade. The selective distribution agreement regulating the dealings between Rolex and its retailers prohibited retailers from...Read More

Within the scope of compliance with the amendments made in the Law No. 585 on the Regulation of Retail Trade, the “Regulation Amending the Regulation on the Principles and Rules to be Applied in Retail Trade” (Regulation) was published in the Official Gazette dated 14 December 2023 and numbered 32399 to enter into force on...Read More

What protection does the “Fair and Equitable Treatment” (FET)-clause, which can be found in most contemporary International Investment Agreements, offer to foreign investors? The most important usage of international minimum standart has been its inclusion as the relevant standart in over thousands bilateral investment treaties. It is most commonly put in terms of fair and...Read More

The importance of interpretation of CISG can be understood as function existing itself. One of the reason why CISG is existed is that trying to overcome legal differences as well as facilitating business transactions between parties. Furthermore, as we look at the preamble of CISG, which says that ‘’The States Parties to this Convention (..)...Read More

Law is still a service business but we are at the beginning to experience much more productization in law, including the legal tech startups and ongoing innovation efforts within the traditional provider ecosystem. Thus, particularly as applied to the productization in law, implementing lessons from the discipline of user centered design will prove to be...Read More

The real persons and legal entities may perform its commercial activities in Turkey by establishing (i) a joint-stock company (“JSC”), (ii) a limited liability company (“LLC”) or (iii) opening a branch in Turkey. · Joint-stock company JSC is one of the most common company types in Turkey for mostly large operations and foreign investors. A JSC can be established with at least...Read More

Most Valuable Customer (MVC) is a term used in marketing to refer to customers who are of the highest value or importance to a enterprises. These are typically the customers who spend the most money, make the most frequent purchases, or have the greatest potential to become loyal, long-term customers. One example of MVC analysis...Read More

On 27 November 2020, the UK Government (“UK”) announced the introduction of a new regulatory regime for digital platforms that will be overseen by a dedicated Digital Markets Unit from April 2021. This announcement has supervened upon a market investigation on online platforms and digital advertising carried out by UK Competition and Markets Authority (“Competition...Read More